Arithmetic systems can be distinguished based on the type of numbers they operate on. Integer arithmetic is about calculations with positive and negative integers. Rational number arithmetic involves operations on fractionsof integers. Real number arithmetic is about calculations with real numbers, which include both rationaland irrational numbers.
arithmetic, branch of mathematics in which numbers, relations among numbers, and observations on numbers are studied and used to solve problems.
The basic calculations we make in everyday life: addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The subject also includes fractions and percentages (related to division), and exponents (related to multiplication).